Musica enchiriadis

Musica enchiriadis is an anonymous musical treatise authored during the 9th century. It is the first surviving attempt to set up a system of rules for polyphony in western art music. The treatise was once attributed to Hucbald, but this is no longer accepted. Some historians once attributed it to Odo of Cluny (879–942). It has also been attributed to Abbot Hoger (d. 906). This music theory treatise, along with its companion text, Scolica enchiriadis, was widely circulated in medieval manuscripts, often in association with Boethius' De institutione musica.

It consists of nineteen chapters; the first nine are devoted to notation, modes, and monophonic plainchant. Chapters 10–18 deal with polyphonic music. The author here shows how consonant intervals should be used to compose or improvise the type of early medieval polyphonic music called organum, an early style of note-against-note polyphony; several examples of which are included in the treatise. Scolica enchiriadis also observes that some melodies should be sung "more quickly" (celerius), others "more slowly" (morosius). The 19th chapter of Musica enchiriadis relates the legend of Orpheus.